Friday, July 16, 2010

Roundup Immune Weeds Present Environmental Threat

When the weed killer Roundup had been introduced in the 1970s, it proved it could eliminate almost any plant yet still be safer than a number of other herbicides, and it helped farmers to give up harsher chemical compounds and lower tilling that can promote erosion. But twenty-four years later, a few sturdy species of weed resistant to Roundup have developed, forcing farmers to go back to some of the less environmentally safe methods they left behind decades ago. The problem is the worst within the South, where a number of farmers now walk fields using hoes, eliminating weeds in a way their great-grandfathers were very happy leave behind.

And the issue is spreading rapidly across the Corn Belt and beyond, with Roundup today appearing unreliable in killing at least 10 weed species in around 22 states. Some species, like Palmer amaranth in Arkansas and water hemp and marestail in Illinois, grow quick and big, producing thousands of seeds. "It is getting to become a big problem," said Mike Plumer, a 61-year-old farmer as well as University of Illinois agronomist who grows soybeans as well as cotton close to the southern Illinois community of Creal Springs. "If you have it, it's a real big problem."

When Monsanto launched Roundup in 1976, "it was like the most wonderful thing since sliced bread," said Garry Niemeyer, who grows corn and soybeans around Auburn in central Illinois. The grass killer, known generically as glyphosate, is ingested by means of plants' leaves and kills them by blocking the development of proteins they need to get bigger.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers it to possess little toxicity to people and animals, and besides the vegetation it's sprayed on, it's much less of a menace to environmental surroundings as it swiftly adheres to soil and becomes inactive. Monsanto's introduction of seeds built to survive Roundup made things even better for farmers since they can spray it on emerging vegetation to eliminate the weeds thriving along with them. Seeds containing Monsanto's Roundup Ready characteristics are actually used to develop about 90% of the nation's soybeans and 70% of its corn and cotton. With increased reliance on Roundup, herbicide use on corn reduced from 2.76 pounds an acre in 1994 to 2.06 in 2005, the most recent year for which the U.S. Department of Agriculture has information.

Seed products that contain Monsanto's Roundup Ready traits are now utilized to develop about 90% of the nation's soybeans and 70% of its corn as well as cotton. With higher reliance on Roundup, herbicide use on corn reduced from 2.76 lbs an acre in 1994 to 2.06 in 2005, the latest year that the U.S. Department of Agriculture has information. Distribute that out within the 81.8 million acres grown in 2005, and it is a decline of more than 57 million lbs of herbicides yearly. Farmers also discovered they could cut back, or in some cases eradicate tilling, lowering erosion and fuel use. However with any herbicide, the more it's used, the more probable it will run into individual plants within a species which have adequate hereditary variation to endure what kills the majority of their kin. With each generation, the survivors signify a bigger percent of the species.


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